The Existence and Functions of Traditional Musical Instruments in Sikambang Art among Coastal Communities of Jago-jago Village, Central Tapanuli Regency

Abstract

The sustainability of Sikambang traditional musical instruments, which constitute the core element of Sikambang performances, faces serious challenges due to social change, modernization, and the weakening of generational transmission. This study aims to analyze the existence and functions of traditional musical instruments in Sikambang art among the coastal community of Jago-jago Village, Central Tapanuli Regency. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with artists, traditional leaders, and community members, as well as documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that traditional Sikambang musical instruments, including gandang Sikambang, singkadu, violin, and accordion, still exist and are used in certain traditional events, particularly wedding ceremonies and communal activities. Nevertheless, their existence is limited and heavily dependent on senior artists. Furthermore, Sikambang musical instruments serve multiple socio-cultural functions, such as emotional expression, entertainment, symbolic communication, reinforcement of social norms, legitimization of traditional institutions, and social integration. This study concludes that although Sikambang musical instruments continue to exist both functionally and symbolically, their sustainability requires more systematic preservation efforts, especially through education, regeneration, and institutional support.